EPA legal limit
No federal limit
Maximum Contaminant Level
EWG health guideline
2 ppt
Science-based, stricter target
Health effects
PFBA is rapidly excreted from the body compared to long-chain PFAS, with a biological half-life of hours to days rather than years. However, its high water mobility results in ubiquitous exposure. Animal studies show thyroid and liver effects at high doses. Its short half-life means body burden reflects ongoing exposure rather than historical accumulation.
Where it comes from
Used as a replacement for PFOA in industrial applications, surface coatings, and firefighting foam. Found in agricultural areas where PFAS-containing biosolids have been applied as fertiliser. Also detected downstream from industrial manufacturing and in areas with legacy PFAS contamination.
How it's regulated
No federal EPA MCL. Monitored under UCMR5. EPA issued a Lifetime Health Advisory of 2,000 ppt in 2022 (based on thyroid effects) — much higher than most PFAS advisories, reflecting PFBA's faster excretion and different toxicokinetics. EWG health guideline: 2 ppt, applying a more precautionary approach.
How to filter pfba
Not all filters address pfba. Look for independently certified filters — NSF International certification means the removal claim has been independently verified.
Frequently asked questions
What is pfba?
PFBA is a four-carbon carboxylic acid PFAS — the shortest chain in the common perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid series. It is extremely water-soluble and mobile in the environment, making it one of the most challenging PFAS to remove with conventional treatment. Detected in water serving 95 million people across 46 states under UCMR5.
What are the health effects of pfba?
PFBA is rapidly excreted from the body compared to long-chain PFAS, with a biological half-life of hours to days rather than years. However, its high water mobility results in ubiquitous exposure. Animal studies show thyroid and liver effects at high doses. Its short half-life means body burden reflects ongoing exposure rather than historical accumulation.
Is pfba regulated in drinking water?
No federal EPA MCL. Monitored under UCMR5. EPA issued a Lifetime Health Advisory of 2,000 ppt in 2022 (based on thyroid effects) — much higher than most PFAS advisories, reflecting PFBA's faster excretion and different toxicokinetics. EWG health guideline: 2 ppt, applying a more precautionary approach.
Where does pfba come from?
Used as a replacement for PFOA in industrial applications, surface coatings, and firefighting foam. Found in agricultural areas where PFAS-containing biosolids have been applied as fertiliser. Also detected downstream from industrial manufacturing and in areas with legacy PFAS contamination.
How do I remove pfba from tap water?
The most effective methods for removing pfba are: Reverse osmosis (RO), NSF 58 certified RO system, Activated carbon block filter. Look for NSF-certified systems — independent certification confirms removal claims have been verified.
Is pfba in your water?
Enter your ZIP code to see the measured level in your specific utility.