EPA legal limit
No federal limit
Maximum Contaminant Level
EWG health guideline
0.5 ppb
Science-based, stricter target
IARC classification
Group 2B — possibly carcinogenic to humans
Cancer research classification
Health effects
DBAA is classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by IARC. Animal studies show liver, kidney, and thyroid tumours. Reproductive toxicity has been documented — DBAA shows developmental effects at doses relevant to drinking water exposure in some animal models. It also causes testicular and ovarian effects in animal studies.
Where it comes from
Forms when chlorine disinfects water with elevated bromide content — the same conditions that produce BDCM. Particularly elevated in coastal utilities, desalination plants, and water drawn from geologically bromide-rich sources. Increases with higher chlorine dose and warmer temperature.
How it's regulated
No individual EPA MCL — regulated within the HAA5 group limit of 60 ppb. EWG health guideline: 0.5 ppb. Can become the dominant HAA compound in high-bromide water supplies, even exceeding DCA.
How to filter dibromoacetic acid
Not all filters address dibromoacetic acid. Look for independently certified filters—NSF International certification means the removal claim has been independently verified.
Frequently asked questions
What is dibromoacetic acid?
Dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) is one of the five HAA5 compounds, distinguished by its two bromine atoms rather than chlorine. It forms in water with elevated bromide concentrations — the same waters that produce higher levels of brominated trihalomethanes. DBAA is often the dominant HAA in water supplies with high natural bromide.
What are the health effects of dibromoacetic acid?
DBAA is classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by IARC. Animal studies show liver, kidney, and thyroid tumours. Reproductive toxicity has been documented — DBAA shows developmental effects at doses relevant to drinking water exposure in some animal models. It also causes testicular and ovarian effects in animal studies.
Is dibromoacetic acid regulated in drinking water?
No individual EPA MCL — regulated within the HAA5 group limit of 60 ppb. EWG health guideline: 0.5 ppb. Can become the dominant HAA compound in high-bromide water supplies, even exceeding DCA.
Where does dibromoacetic acid come from?
Forms when chlorine disinfects water with elevated bromide content — the same conditions that produce BDCM. Particularly elevated in coastal utilities, desalination plants, and water drawn from geologically bromide-rich sources. Increases with higher chlorine dose and warmer temperature.
How do I remove dibromoacetic acid from tap water?
The most effective methods for removing dibromoacetic acid are: Activated carbon block filter, NSF 53 certified filter, Reverse osmosis (RO). Look for NSF-certified systems—independent certification confirms removal claims have been verified.
Is dibromoacetic acid in your water?
Enter your ZIP code to see the measured level in your specific utility.